Part time graphic design freelancemunkák

I'm looking for highly skilled freelance photographers with experience in product photography, specifically for e-commerce purposes. Key Requirements: - The primary use of the photos will be for e-commerce, hence I need someone with a good understanding of e-commerce photography standards. - The photographer must be able to provide relevant props for the product shoots. Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience in product photography, particularly for e-commerce. - Ability to provide or source props to enhance the effectiveness of the product photos. - Strong communication skills and a good understanding of my specific needs for the project.

...editor to join my team for a FULL-TIME role. You will be responsible for editing daily motion graphics for YouTube videos. The ideal candidate should be proficient in Adobe After Effects. Here is an example of the type of work needed: - - - Desired skills and experience: - Proficient in Adobe After Effects - Experience editing videos for social media platforms - Strong understanding of video editing techniques - Creative mindset with the ability to incorporate basic motion graphics - A keen eye for detail and high-quality standards This role is a full-time position, and you will be expected

I am an MBA student in need of a dedicated and skilled freelancer to assist with the second part of my Scientific Research Methods assignment. I received a zero on the first part because the AI usage was detected at 82%. Therefore, it is crucial that this work is completed without the use of any AI tools to ensure originality and adherence to academic guidelines. Requirements: - Expertise in Scientific Research Methods and related MBA subjects - Strong academic writing skills - Ability to create original, high-quality content without AI assistance - Familiarity with academic standards and integrity - Willingness to communicate and discuss details privately Details: The project involves complex topics within Scientific Research Methods and requires a deep understanding of ...

H...funny of the celebrity MARK ZUCKERBERG, and the name for this drawing will be MOORK ZUCKABORG use anything that comes to imagination to make fun of him and make a funny drawing. We really like the drawing of Elawn Moosk, but try a few different options. The winner will probably enter more than one drawing. The winner will not only win $250, but they will win the chance to work with our team full time. We hope to see some awesome hilarious entries for this contest and hope to work with a lot of you soon as we may crown more than one winner. Prize is GAURANTEED! Be creative, enter as many times as you can with something original, funny, depicting the billionaire mark Zuckerberg in your own style, or influenced from the elawn moosk style is also great. The best drawing will wi...

J'ai besoin de freelance parlant Français comme consultant de mon entreprise et gérer mes 02 site-web.

...we are looking to hire some freelancers because we are at full capacity and do not have sufficient resources to handle some of our work. We are seeking a long-term partnership and are willing to provide 20-30 hours of work per week. We welcome both experienced freelancers and those new to this platform who have significant prior experience, such as working in a company before starting their freelance career. This job post is open to all qualified candidates. Now, let's discuss the job requirements, which are urgently needed: We require an expert Laravel Developer who is well-versed in third-party APIs. The candidate must have experience working on incomplete projects and be able to easily adapt to other developers' code. We will provide you with project details, and ...

I am in need of an experienced graphic designer to develop a digital PDF business catalog (you will find attached a catalog that is similar to what we're looking for) for my consulting and training services. Key Requirements: - Create a professional and engaging layout that effectively showcases my services - Incorporate appropriate branding elements to ensure consistency with my business identity It's important that the catalog is visually appealing and effectively communicates the value of my services. The ideal freelancer for this project will have a good eye for design, strong attention to detail, and an understanding of how to create a cohesive and impactful piece of digital marketing material. Please include any relevant samples of your previous work in...

Looking for a graphic designer who can create a set of modern and minimalist branding graphics for my product. Photos shows the fruit packer robot in place over a conveyor with multiple units next to each other. Logo, branding colors and photos of machines in a factory are in the data set. Machine currently have a blue logo sticker. This will be removed and replaced with new branding. Orange should be used sparingly as there are lots of machines in a row next to each other and don't want the branding to be over powering. The front an rear needs a location for an ID numbers (shown in the photos) Clear windows can have some branding but it needs to be subtle and not obscure the view too much. The top of the machine is not visible so does not need branding or minimal brandi...

... The theme of the concert revolves around bagpipes and hunting horns, and so it's crucial that the design captures the essence of these two different instruments. There will be two bands at this event: "Les Echos de Ciergnon" (Hunting Horn): "The Blue Stones Pipes and Drums"(Bagpipes): WARNING: make sure you use the right instruments in your design !!! it is a HUNTING HORN (not a French Horn) !!! The hunting horn is less sophisticated. Key Information: - The poster should include the date and time of the concert, as well as the venue location. Please review the attached document: the poster should include the text provided. Key Elements: - The design should prominently feature the instruments, bagpipes and French Hunting horn. ...

Hi , I need a long time designer with experience in Illustrator, Photoshop, and Canva. I need A lot of marketing materials. Payment is done per each artwork. The portfolio will be requested and a test must be done before awarding. Please bid if you agree with these terms. Thanks.

I need a creative and professional freelancer to design an impressive paper bag packaging for gifting purposes. The design should reflect a balance between aesthetics and functionality. Key Requirements: - Design an innovative bag packaging design for paper bags which are used for gifting purpose - Must have an understanding of current design trends and its impact on customer behavior. - Experience in package design preferred, especially in the realm of gift products - Strong graphic design, layout and conceptual skills About the design: - Bag colour should be pink with mild patterns in the background. - Expecting a floral design with white flowers, multi colour birds (or peacock) and green leaves with in-depth det...

Hello; I need to generate a new set of websit...traders, agents, investors (financial or industrial); ...every person positive to him land and its people (patrons or public personalities); every operator promoting Ecological TRANSITION in Italy, Europe, World; Skills and experience needed: - Web design and development - Graphic design and layout - SEO optimization - CMS, preferably WordPress Your role: - Design and build a set of 10 portfolio websites (one project on more domains) - Incorporate a clean, professional design style across all sites - Ensure the sites are optimized for showcasing graphic designs and written works - Provide a easy to use interface for portfolio update and management. I'm excited to see your previous portfolio o...

(Business Development Executive) (with good track record) + Must have strong Sales Managerial Experience in any B2B SaaS company OR been as a Sales Partner. + Experience in dealing with B2B + USA / EU Markets + Must be interested in taking on new challenges. + Should have hands-on experience. + Only Freelancers are Allowed (No Agencies or No Companies)

I'm looking for a skilled...Blockchain Developer to assist me with developing a dApp and smart contract. The project involves creating an NFT marketplace and integrating DeFi protocols. The scope of the project also includes integrating the Fork pump.fun. Your key deliverables will be: - Developing smart contracts for the NFT marketplace and DeFi protocols. - Creating the dApp, including UI/UX design and programming. - Integrating Fork as part of the Solana network. You will need to have a solid understanding of Rust and JavaScript/TypeScript, as well as experience in Solana network integration and dApp development. Previous work with NFT marketplaces and DeFi protocols is highly desirable. Please include examples of similar projects you've worked on in the pas...

I'm looking for a talented designer to create engaging and visually appealing promotional materials for my products. Key Points: - The target audience is primarily professionals between 31-50 years old. The design should resonate with this group, making it visually appealing and easy to understand. - The design style should be creative and colorful. Think about what catches the eye and keeps the attention of our demographic. Skills: - Proven experience in graphic design, specifically with brochure and leaflet design. - Understanding of the target audience and how to tailor designs to their preferences. - Ability to create visually stunning, creative and colorful designs that convey the message effectively. If you have a portfolio that demonstrat...

I'm looking for a skilled graphic designer to assist with designing business cards, the sole focus being on this print material. I have a logo and colour scheme that I would like you to incorporate into the business card design. This will ensure consistency across all of my print materials. Attaching our company brochure for reference. Ideal skills for this project: - Proficient in print design - Experience with business card design - Ability to work with existing branding guides - Strong attention to detail and creative flair

Project Duration: 1-2 Hours Project Type: Graphic Design # Icons: 12 Budget: $50 Icon Type: SVG Project Overview: We have a set of 12 icons that use 3 colours based on the main colour code: #000050 We want a skilled designer to re-colour the icons based on our new main colour code: #151515 5* FEEDBACK WILL BE LEFT FOR YOU

...abilities in video editing, motion graphics, and graphic design. Your main focus should be on artistic and creative design. Key Features: - The site must have a gallery for my projects. This is essential to exhibit my works in a visually appealing manner, encouraging visitors to explore the different facets of my skills. Therefore, the design needs to be intuitive and user-friendly to allow for easy navigation through the gallery. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in web development, particularly in crafting visually engaging and user-friendly interfaces. - Experience with creating portfolio websites or other visual-heavy platforms. - A good understanding of design principles, particularly in the context of artistic and creative web desig...

I'm in need of an original NLP model that can match the performance of XLNet but with a unique approach. The project is intended to be utilized as part of my BTech project. Key Project Elements: - The NLP model should be tailored for social media data from Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. - It should be designed to tackle sentiment analysis, text classification, and named entity recognition tasks, similar to XLNet. - The model must be unique in its approach and not a reiteration of XLNet or any existing model. Ideal Freelancer: - Proven experience in creating NLP models from scratch - Extensive knowledge of XLNet and other advanced NLP models - Familiarity with social media data processing - Strong background in sentiment analysis, text classification, and named entity rec...

I'm in need of a logo for my service. Being a service-based business, I'm looking for a minimalist, modern design that can represent a professional and sleek image. I'm open to any innovative suggestions and ideas that you may have. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Strong background in graphic design and logo creation - Proficiency in modern, minimalist design styles - Ability to understand and represent a service based on a logo - Portfolio of previous logo designs for service-based companies

!!!Important for the mockup! We would like to at least see the design on the LEFT side view until the final decision is made. The winner of the competition must then prepare the design for all 3/4 pages accordingly!!! Just as important - WE DO NOT NEED A NEW COMPANY LOGO (you can find our company logo as lettering and also as a picture in the attached ZIP_ FILE!) We have a motorhome (DETHLEFFS A6971) with which we travel to motocross events but also to quad tours and other events. The motorhome has the basic color white, with some original stripes that can be removed. We would like to use the motorhome as an “advertising space” for ourselves and are looking for the right design. The basic requirement is that we can cut or plot the whole thing...

I'm on the lookout for a talented graphic designer to create a text and symbol integrated logo aimed at establishing strong brand identity. Skills Ideal for the Job: • Proven experience in graphic design • Vital knowledge in branding • Creativity, with an impressive portfolio of logo designs designed for brand boosting Description of The Task: • Design a combined text and symbol logo • The logo should appeal globally, and take our brand recognition to the next level Kindly, include samples of your previous works in your proposal. It's a plus if you've successfully handled same nature projects before. Looking forward to an effective collaboration.

I'm seeking a creative professional with an artistic flair to design a custom deck of 32 cards that reflect the rich diversity of Hungarian Folk. Your design should: - Incorporate traditional Hungarian patterns - Feature awe-inspiring Hungarian landscapes - Show a profound understanding and respect for Hungarian folklore characters. To be successful in this project, you'll need: - A keen eye for detail - Expertise in graphic design and illustration - Ability to portray elements in a unique and engaging manner. The final product should be a deck of cards that captures the spirit of Hungarian Folk, serving as both a functional game deck and a celebration of Hungarian culture.

I'm looking for a freelancer who can create an elegant company card for me. I've a company logo that needs to be incorporated into the design. This is a straightforward project, but I do value attention to detail, creativity and of course, the ability to create a design that's elegant. Ideal skills and experience for the job: - Proficient in graphic design and print design - Prior experience in creating business cards - Strong sense of aesthetics and attention to detail. Name UK Phone Number Other Phone Number Email Address Company Website UK Address Other Address

I'm looking for a talented graphics designer to create engaging visuals for a series of signage projects. These include outdoor signs, indoor signs and vehicle wraps. The primary goal of these designs is to ...talented graphics designer to create engaging visuals for a series of signage projects. These include outdoor signs, indoor signs and vehicle wraps. The primary goal of these designs is to enhance our brand and promote our services. Unfortunately, I wasn't able to specify a preferred design style, but I'm open to suggestions based on your professional expertise. Ideal Skills: - Deep understanding of graphics design principles - Experience in designing for various types of signage - Creativity and versatility in design style - Strong understanding ...

...ALSO WORK WEEKENDS AS WE HAVE SEVERAL EMERGENCIES TO FINISH URGENTLY. Someone who can efficiently manage Linux VPS and efficiently use GITLAB is critical. Initially we need part of the hours to be worked in the first weeks from 8:00PM- 2:00am UTC -3 (Brazil Time) later you can work on your time zone. Prerequisites: For the long term project the *STARTING* wage will be as stated below. 1) Accept initial hourly rate of U$5.00 2) If awarded, accept and start work IMMEDIATELY 3) Have MINIMUM OF 20+ hours a week for long term ongoing support and development. 4) Work hours: predominantly 20:00 to 02:00 (UTC -3 Brazil TIME) 5) Be available to work on weekends. This is for ongoing long term development and we will start with some short sprints to be delivered i...

...Bachelors, Marketing, or related field preferred. Minimum of 1-5 years of experience in real estate sales. Excellent communication and interpersonal skills. Proven ability to generate leads, convert prospects, and close deals. Valid driver's license and reliable vehicle for property visits. Strong knowledge of the local real estate market and industry practices. Ability to work independently and as part of a team. Strong negotiation and problem-solving skills. Benefits: Competitive salary and commission structure. Opportunities for career growth. Comprehensive training and support. Flexible work schedule. Networking opportunities within the real estate industry. Other Perks are also include If you Fulfill the above requirements and are passionate about real estate sal...

I am in need of a meticulously-crafted, compelling PowerPoint presentation for showcasing our products/services. The presentation is not aimed at just giving information, b...-The presentation needs to be professional, yet visually appealing. Ideal Candidate: -Fluent in English -Extensive experience in creating PowerPoint presentations -Detailed knowledge of PowerPoint animations and transitions -A knack for creative graphic design would be beneficial. -Taste for aesthetics and knowledgeable in the latest presentation trends. Your role would be all-encompassing - from creating the slide layout, choosing the right graphics, and inserting animations and transitions. This job is perfect for those with a keen eye for design, and an intricate understanding of PowerPoint&#...

I'm in need of a skilled graphic designer who can create a modern, sophisticated logo that will be used across different platforms. The primary use of the logo will be for my website, print materials, and social media. Key Requirements: - Modern Design: The logo should have a modern look and feel, aligning with contemporary design trends. - Multicolored: I would like the logo to incorporate shades of blue, green, and red. It should be aesthetically pleasing and work well in various color backgrounds. Ideal Skills: - Graphic Design: Prior experience in creating logos. - Color Theory: Ability to work with a multicolor palette. - Branding: Understanding of the importance of a logo in brand identity. - Web Design: Knowledge of how logos function...

...We also want to include any special promotions or deals we're currently offering. Target Audience: - Homebuyers: The design should appeal to individuals who are in the market for a new home. - Existing Customers: The flyer should also serve to nurture existing relationships, encouraging repeat business. - People with a Home Loan: Our flyer should attract homeowners looking to refinance or access additional services. Design Preferences: - The overall design of the flyer should be modern and sleek. - It should have a clean and professional look to reflect the credibility of our brokerage firm. Ideal skills and experience for the job include: - Proficient in graphic design software, such as Adobe Illustrator or Photoshop. - Experience in designing...

Hi Md Nazim U.,you did a fast vector graphic for me i think about a year ago

I'm looking f...website. The primary function of this chatbot will be to provide real-time support to users as they navigate the site. Key Requirements: - Development of a chatbot specifically for a website platform - It should be able to provide real-time support to users - Integration with tools or databases if necessary (TBD) Ideal Candidates Should: - Have experience in developing chatbots, specifically for website platforms - Be able to implement real-time support functionalities - Possess the ability to integrate the chatbot with other tools or databases if needed This project will involve not just the technical development of the chatbot, but also its seamless integration into the website. Experience in user experience design would be a big plus...

I'm looking for a professional who can help me in adding text to an AI-generated logo. The text should be seamlessly integrated within the logo while maintaining a modern style. Key Requirements: - Add text to an existing AI-generated logo - Integrate the text within the logo design - Ensure the design maintains a modern style Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficient in graphic design and logo creation - Experience with AI-generated design modification - Able to seamlessly integrate text into visuals What I want is the red B in the backgroud to read BBK., The second B can be a shadow copy and the K perhaps also to the back so that not all is visible but it should clearly read BBK. Please provide a quote for this modification along with samples ...

I'm in need of an experienced graphic designer to help me with a logo design project. Key Points: - The designer will be responsible for creating a unique, eye-catching logo that effectively represents my brand. - Although the style of the logo hasn't been specifically determined, I'm open to your creative suggestions. - The primary purpose of the logo will be for brand identity, so it needs to be memorable and versatile for use across different marketing materials. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in logo design - Strong portfolio that showcases creativity and versatility - Understanding of brand identity and marketing principles - Excellent communication skills to understand and incorporate my vision - Ability to deliver high-quality...

I'm in need of a modern car logo design to represent my brand. The logo will primarily be used for online platforms. I'm looking for a professional who can deliver a sleek, contemporary logo, with a nod towards the automotive industry. The logo should be unique, and should convey a sense of speed and innovation, while remaining simple and memorable. The ideal candidate should have experience in graphic design and branding, and a portfolio that demonstrates an ability to create striking and effective logos. Experience in designing for online use is a plus. Your understanding of color theory is important as the logo should be designed in black and white. A strong sense of typography will also be beneficial. Please share your portfolio when you bid. Your ini...

...visualize how an item would look on them. - Real-Time Interaction: Users should be able to use their device's camera in real-time to interact with the virtual fitting room. This should be smooth and responsive, providing an enjoyable user experience. Skills and Experience: - Android Development: The ideal candidate should have strong expertise in Android app development, with a proven track record of creating engaging and user-friendly applications. - Augmented Reality: Experience with augmented reality (AR) and virtual fitting room technology is highly desirable for this project. The ability to create a realistic and immersive AR experience will be key to the success of the app. - User Interface Design: A good eye for user interface (UI) design is esse...

Hi my name is montu sahu , I am a professional 2d animator and graphic designer and i have very good experience for 2 year and I can do your work from haply successfully and delivered your work successfully.

I have a joyous announcement to make and need the creativity of an experienced graphic designer. The design must revolve around baby-themed illustrations and should encompass a pastel color scheme to add to the cheerful atmosphere. The main specifics the design should feature include: * Baby-themed illustrations that are appealing yet subtle. * A suitable and captivating arrangement of pastel colors. Moreover, this announcement must feature the due date of the arrival of my new bundle of joy. An eye for detail and a knack for creative communication are must-have skills. Experience in designing baby announcements or similar projects will be highly preferred. Bring on your creativity and make this momentous period all the more special for us.

Kérjük, regisztráljon vagy jelentkezzen be a részletek megtekintéséhez!

...TERM) THAT CAN FOR NOW ALSO WORK WEEKENDS AS WE HAVE SEVERAL EMERGENCIES TO FINISH URGENTLY. We will start with 5-10 small task in and then go to some smaller .NET tasks all with 1 day sprints for you to become familiar with the software and then our main goal will be to integrate another B2B API for our MVNO. Initially we need part of the hours to be worked in the first weeks from 8:00PM- 2:00am UTC -3 (Brazil Time) later you can work on your time zone. If you are awarded the task we expect you to accept IMMEDIATELY and if the project is not accepted immediatly we will award it to another developer. To qualify you must be full stack and work PROFICIENTLY with gitlab and code in ., .NET ASP, WEB API + MS SQL. We also have woocommerce and have developed and w...

As part of my MBA project, I have prepared a Project with analysis on Pharmaceutical industry. It is 15000 words project. I'm looking for a skilled and experienced researcher proof read the content and rectify if any plagiarism is found. Key areas of focus: - Conduct a thorough investigation on the project. - change the content which has plagiarism. Usage of quillbot or chagpt is not recommended. - Prepare charts and pie. Maybe 3 or 4 small charts and diagrams are there. I'm seeking a professional with: - A strong background in Research and/or the pharmaceutical industry - Excellent report writing skills, capable of delivering a well-structured and insightful final document.

I'm in need of a talented designer to create a minimalistic, yet effective thumbnail for the branding of my social media presence. Key Points: - The design should reflect my brand identity and be clean and simple yet eye-catching. - It will primarily be used on social media platforms, so it needs to be visually appealing and easily recognizable in a small format. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in graphic design and branding - A strong portfolio showcasing similar work - Experience in creating designs specifically for social media Please provide examples of your previous work and let me know your proposed ideas for this project.

I'm in need of an experienced graphic designer to help me with a logo design project. Key Points: - The designer will be responsible for creating a unique, eye-catching logo that effectively represents my brand. - Although the style of the logo hasn't been specifically determined, I'm open to your creative suggestions. - The primary purpose of the logo will be for brand identity, so it needs to be memorable and versatile for use across different marketing materials. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in logo design - Strong portfolio that showcases creativity and versatility - Understanding of brand identity and marketing principles - Excellent communication skills to understand and incorporate my vision - Ability to deliver high-quality...

...you passionate about connecting businesses with the power of a stellar website? If so, we want YOU on our team! We're a High Converting Website Design Agency looking for a driven, commission-only sales superstar to join our ranks. In this role, you'll be responsible for: Prospecting and Cold Calling: You'll identify potential clients who need a website refresh or a brand new online presence. Be prepared to make a positive first impression and build rapport over the phone. Understanding Client Needs: You'll have a knack for uncovering a client's vision and translating that into actionable website goals. Selling Solutions: You'll present our web design packages with confidence, highlighting the value we bring to their business. Closing the Dea...

...planner, including customization options and integration capacities. Visual Representation: Create a comprehensive table and visually appealing graphics to clearly compare the data. Project Tasks: Data Extraction: Dive deep into each competitor's website to collect all relevant data. Data Compilation: Organize the information into a clear, structured table that facilitates easy comparison. Graphic Design: Develop visual graphics to accompany the data, enhancing the clarity and accessibility of the analysis. Deliverables: A detailed table comparing key aspects of each 3D planner software. Visual graphics summarizing the comparison for easy reference. Action Required: I need someone to thoroughly explore the websites of the listed competitors and extract all pertinent...

...modern and vintage design aesthetics, and the ability to merge these two styles seamlessly. Key Requirements: - Modern and Vintage Style: The logo should reflect a blend of modern and vintage design elements. - Warm Tones: I prefer warm color tones such as reds, oranges, and yellows. - Automotive Theme: The logo should incorporate elements or symbols that are related to the automotive industry, but the design approach should be creative and unique. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in graphic design software. - Strong portfolio that showcases creative and unique logo design work. - Excellent understanding of design principles. - Ability to work collaboratively and take feedback constructively. - Strong communication skills to understand and t...

I have serval human body, arm 3d models and would like to find someone who's able to modify those models, cut into smaller parts and convert into CAD format. I will use the parts for 3d printing. The original model is in 3ds, fbx and obj format. Image of the model is attached and I only need you to work on the ...me. - The final model should be as close as possible to real human body size, The total height of this woman will be 165cm. - I only need the 3d parts to be a shell, no need for inner mechanical structure, but each pieces of the shell should have mechanism to connect to each other using screws. This project provide good example on arm - each 3d print part will have smooth surface, which means any texture on model body should be removed.

...with my project that involves two primary tasks: - **Color Correction:** I have several photographs that require professional color correction before they're suitable for online publishing. You should have an eye for detail and experience in using popular photo editing tools. A background in graphic design would be an added advantage. - **Document Formatting:** Alongside the graphics, I also have documents that need proper formatting. Ideal candidates have prior experience with professional document design and formatting, varying from layouts to font choices. For both tasks, strong attention to detail, technical proficiency, and an understanding of aesthetics are crucial. If you have experience in these areas and can deliver high-quality, professional output...

I'm in need of a talented graphic designer to create a modern and minimalistic poster for me. The design will be used for create a photo frames, so it has to be eye-catching and engaging. Ideal candidates should have: - Strong graphic design skills, particularly in creating minimalist designs - Previous experience with print design, particularly for photo frame with technical quotes - A good eye for detail and a knack for understanding the needs of a project - The ability to present unique and creative ideas for the poster - Good communication skills to ensure we're aligned on the vision throughout the process Looking forward to seeing your portfolio and discussing how you can bring my vision to life.

I'm looking for a talented graphic designer to help me breathe new life into my simple and minimalistic logo. The core of the new design should retain the current color scheme, as it's a significant part of our brand identity. Key Focus: - Redesigning the current logo with a more professional and trustworthy look without straying far from the original minimalism Ideal Skills and Experience: - Strong experience in logo design - A good understanding of color psychology and its impact on branding - Ability to communicate trust and professionalism through minimalist design Your proposal should include: - A brief overview of your experience in logo design - A rough timeline for the completion of the project - Your approach in maintaining th...